Historical Events and Current Affairs on July 23

1632: 300 colonists bound for New France depart Dieppe, France.
1793: The Prussians conquer Mayence.
1829: In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the Typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
1833: Cornerstones laid for construction of the Kirtland Temple in Ohio.
1840: The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
1862: American Civil War: Henry W. Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
1874: Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa.
1881: The Federation Internationale de Gymnastique, the world's oldest international sport federation, is founded.
1903: Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
1914: Austria-Hungary issues an ultimatum to Serbia allowing the Austrians to find out who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand. When Serbia denies Austria-Hungary their demands World War I is sparked on July 28, 1914
1926: Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
1929: Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words.
1936: In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of socialist and communist parties.
1940: US Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles`s declaration on the US non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic States - Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1942: The Holocaust: The Treblinka extermination camp is opened
1942: World War II: Hitler signs the Operation Edelweiss.
1945: The process against Philippe Pétain begins.
1952: Establishment of the European Coal and Steel community.
1952: General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser - the real power behind the coup) in the overthrow of King Farouk of Egypt.
1952: General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser - the real power behind the coup) in the overthrow of King Farouk of Egypt.
1956: The Loi Cadre is passed by the French Republic in order to order French overseas territory affairs.
1961: Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) founded in Nicaragua.
1962: Telstar relays the first live trans-Atlantic television signal.
1962: The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos was signed.
1967: 12th Street Riot: In Detroit, Michigan, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city (43 killed, 342 injured and ~1,400 buildings burned).
1968: Glenville Shootout: In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization led by Ahmed Evans and the Cleveland Police Department occurred. During the shootout, a riot began that lasted for five days.
1968: The first and only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft took place when a 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers was taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). The aircraft was en route from Rome, Italy, to Lod, Israel.
1970: Qaboos ibn Sa’id, becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Sa’id ibn Taimur.
1972: The United States launches Landsat 1, first Earth-resources satellite.
1982: The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-86.
1983: Around 3,000 Tamils were slaughtered by Shinhalese Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring Tamil Nadu, India and a lot found refuge in Europe and Canada. This incident, known as Black July led directly to beginning of civil war in Sri Lanka.
1983: Gimli Glider: Air Canada flight 143 lands dead-stick in Gimli, Manitoba.
1984: Vanessa Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown after nude photos of her appeared in Penthouse magaz
1986: In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey.
1988: General Ne Win, effective ruler of Myanmar since 1962 resigns after pro-democracy protests.
1992: A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes it is necessary to limit rights of homosexual people and non-married couples.
1995: Comet Hale-Bopp is discovered and is visibly seen with a naked eye nearly a year later.
1997: Digital Equipment Company files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
1997: Spree killer Andrew Cunanan commits suicide in the upstairs bedroom aboard a Miami houseboat to avoid capture by the police.
1999: ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo.
1999: Crown Prince Mohammed Ben Al-Hassan, is crowned King Mohammed VI of Morroco at the death of his father.
2004: Eleven years after its destruction, Stari most (the Old Bridge) in Mostar is reopened.
2005: Three bombs hit the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.

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